понедельник, 1 июня 2009 г.

Offline analyzers and real-time analyzers.

In the almost four years of the development of the Signals Analyzer, practically constantly we are taking part in the discussions, where most popular questions are:

- Why SA is offline signals analyzer and not the real-time?
- Why is this necessary to use Signals Analyzer while some people can define signals by ear?
- What will I have by using SA?
- There are lots of professional real-time analyzers and everything works okey in real timeanalyzators aswel?
- Why SA do not include real time analyzer and decoder? And etc etc

We have decided to reply on most popular questions, and the answers, which will be represented - are the result of long-standing practice, not just our opinion. I think you will agree that the best
answer on the question, is the fact which was admitted on practice many times.

First of all, I have to disappoint people who analyze signals by ear. I do not deny, that some people have abilities for that, but it is the absolute impasse, even when you have abilities for that.There are tens of hundreds of signals, where these people frankly give up, but they greatly are proud of the fact that they can distinguish CW of RTTY, but nevertheless they ask “why can’t I decode anything in MiX or SkySweeper?”

Our team is also still getting surprised, when people send us sonograms and ask to analyze them, or they try to analyze the sonogram by their own. The real analysis must have the object of analysis, and the object of the signals analysis – it is record of the signals first of all. In 90% of cases, we can see one stuff on the sonogram and hear completely other stuff on the record. Analyst has no interest to shadow of the signal, the record of the signal is the first thing, which is necessary.

These two aspects explain paradox: on hundreds of forums we see lots of same questions like: what is rustled yesterday? I heard grunted signal, something is hisses in my dynamics what was that?? And only small amount of people can intelligible answer what was it, who was it and etc.
The paradox is: everyone want to know details about the signal they cached, but only small number of people able to know it for real. Besides, signals analysis isn’t that terrible hard as many people think about it.

Now couple of words about real-time analysis. Don’t want to disappoint most of people, but…….today, the real-time analysis it is fiction, it does not exist in that kind of way, which most of people imagine. Of course, many developers are occupied by the real-time analysis, and our MSM team is also engaged into it. But we can’t create real-time tools, until all problems of the offline analysis will be fully solved.Surely, analysts who need fast and unclear analysis with an absolutely not accurate, not precise, not exact and not clear results, can please themselves with the illusion of the real-time analysis.

I underline, we are speaking about real true analysis, when the signal is unknown, and even, when it is not even known if it is signal or just noise. Sorting from the known signals as many programs do - this is not analysis. Especially, we can’t deny that we all need secure exact results, and get such results we can only through offline analysis.

The next question is : why SA does not include decoder, this is sooooo bad!

Well, let me explain. First of all, please, pay attention on the fact, that decoders work ONLY with
absolutely known signals. If the signal is unknown or it is shifted or it has parameters, which are
different from the expected parameters, then the decoder sharply moving in the category of the
beautiful expensive knickknack. Any of bit streams, in this case, can’t be considered seriously.
Thus, we see that the signals analysis and decoding of the signals are two completely different
categories. Analysis identifies the signal, gets parameters of it, studies it, and only after the
signal is analyzed, it can be placed into decoder. The better signal is analyzed, the better results
you will get after decoding.

Professional expensive software, mostly consist of real-time decoders, where functions of the signals analysis are declared. But in reality these functions of analysis just do not work. It is impossible to do reliable trustworthy analysis by such functions.
The overwhelming majority of people don’t want to admit it, but it does not change anything actually.


Thus, you understand, that analysis of the signals and decoding of the signals, are completely
different spheres of activities, which are going together and analyzers prepare material for decoders. And there is no other way.

So why SA? No problem, you can choose any other product, if it will give secure and reliable results as SA gives, will be more comfortable and better then SA and will be cheaper then SA.
Our MSM team has been developing and creating methods and principles of the signals analysis within 4 years, we still develop our own unique tools, which are designed specially for the practical applying, and seems like we have some success here:) SA is in constant development and evolution.

Recently there was the very interesting hypothesis that SA it is the plagiarism of Centurion. To visitors Resource (www.radioscanner.ru) it is not necessary to explain anything because the evolution of SV program (the first versions 2004-2005) into SV + (2006-2007), and after into SA (2009) occurred on eyes of many people. Monteria company really had the licence for usage of the program SV + under The COA brand, in their products. Approximately one year ago,probably a bit more, the licence was expired, the project SV + had been recognised by us as outdated and succssesfully abandoned.We decided to realise all our operating time and new ideas in the commercial project SA , and this decision was accepted. Whole mathematic had undergoned the careful analysis and full re-processing, it had allowed to increase speed of processing on the average by 30 %. Most of algorithms were realized on qualitatively another level, and today SA has not anything common with SV + and-or COA in the plan of mathematics and realisation of algorithms. The general concept is saved, becasue to us it does seem convenient enough, and the bases of this concept had been put into SV (2004-2005).


Many people write that SA free is too functional for demo version. I have to dissapoint you , it is only seems so. SA free is practically version SV + from March-April, 2007, with certainly out-of-date
solutions and the mathematics, it is having problems and inaccuracies in the analysis, and it is accessible only with the purpose of familiarization with the main ideas and principles. Eventually in the process of SA development the distance between commercial version of SA and SA free will only increase.

And in conclusion...What will You get from all that analysis stuff? All same what you have from book that you had read, from the QSO that you done, from the contact with your friends and etc.
Can You have more?Of course you can. Good analysts are on demand nowadays, this is profession. After all this is sphere, where amount of skilled, competent specialists is less then no matter where.


понедельник, 25 мая 2009 г.

New: SkyOFDM the family's OFDM signals

SkyOFDM the family's OFDM signals
Shift~86, Br~64.1, Mode-PSK-2(4)

the example of this signal here(22 channeles) and here(28 channeles)

Author: SergUA6
Band Width ~2000,2400 Hz
Low Range ~580 Hz, shift is possible, recieveing in SSB.
Baud Rate ~64.1 Hz
n-Ary (PSK/MPSK) PSK-2(4) in this records PSK-4
Count of Carriers 22, 28
Step between carrier ~86 Hz
ACF (auto-correlation function, periods) ~78 ms
RX mode (the modulation, in which the signal was recieved) is SSB

Sonograms:

pic.1 general look of the 22th channel

pic.2 detalization of 22th channel

pic.3 speed of manipulation in the channel


Diagrams:
pic.4 general look of 28 channels

pic.5 detalization of 28 chanelles

pic.6 the speed of manipulation

Illustrations:
pic.7 the phase constellation in the channel, the bottom channel

pic.8 speed of the special insertions

pic.9 VMW, generall structure of the signal


SkyOFDM – It is the protocol, which is appeared in the last versions of the program Sky Sweeper, probably it is their own original development.
The signal is bright enough, it has a lot of features and easily identified and recognizable.
Features of the forming spectrum are well visible on the pictures 2 and 5, it is both - the characteristic preamble, and not suppressed out-of-band channels, one is on the bottom and two on the top.
It is well visible, in VMW, that every fifth OFDM character(symbol, sign) is special, that should give approximately 12.8 Hertz after a capturing of envelope(it is represented on the pic.8.).
From discussions on our forum it is visible, that there are lots of parameters of the signals, and these parameters are combined, it means: the quantity of channels, the speed of manipulation, the
preamble and the manipulation mode in the channel can vary, but for all that there should be common features, for example the characteristic typical insertions, which are visible in VMW.
Probably it is not the development of Sky Sweeper command, it can be some more common protocol or some principle of forming, but the exact data is not present yet.

MSM team.

четверг, 21 мая 2009 г.

DIGTRX is the very interesting signal. Fresh analysis.

Author: SergUA6
DIGTRX signal.

Band Width ~1830-1850 Hz
Low Range ~300 Hz, shift is possible, receiving is in SSB
Baud Rate 122.5
Hz n-Ary (PSK/MPSK) special differencial PSK-9
Count of Carriers 8 perfectly visible freqeucnes of manipulation
Step between carriers 230 Hz
The modulation, in which the signal was recieved (RX mode) SSB

The example of the signal is here

Sonograms:
pic.1 general look of the signal
pic.2 spectral differencies in the channels

pic.3 speed of manipulation
Diagrams:
pic.4 the constellation in the channeles 1,3,4


pic.5 the constellation in the channel 5

pic.6 the constellation in the channels 5,6,7,8

Illustrations:
pic. 7 generall organisation of change-overs

DIGTRX - it is the very interesting signal, in which special differential modulation DPSK-9 is used, a bit unexpectedly.
The signal is bright enough. In Signals Analyzer features are well visible both to manipulation as a whole, and to distinctions in channels. Here is the very interesting circuit of difference manipulation.
The general organisation is shown on
pic 7., it does not exclude change-over from a position +3 in -2(for example), but it allows to notice, that change-over from +4 to -4 has smaller vector's lengh than the others, that is already interesting in itself, besides, this change-over is also working(operating) and actively used.
From
pic6. it is possible to understand the reason of instability of the constellation in PSK-4 mode, it is well visible that this short change-over from +4 to -4 is exactly that "the disturber of calmness", which on the one hand imitates PSK-4, but on the other hand it does distract PSK-4.
Surely, this is the very interesting signal.

пятница, 15 мая 2009 г.

Record for the following analysis.

If you record the signal just for yourself, then you can do not read all that follows bellow. But if you are making
the record, specially, to represent it to public, or to give it for further analysis, then you must take care about
quality of this record.

Good quality of the record of the signal – is the half of success.

1. Never record with digit capacity of 8 bits. This 8bit mode suits to everything, but only not for finding-out of
nuances of the signal’s structure. Use only 16bit. That is not the point, that 8bit it is bad, the point is that
16bit, by default, provides the quality, which is enough for analysis and disassembling, while 8bit provides such
quality only in very rare cases. There is also no sense to convert the record from 8bit into 16bit artificially – it will be self-deception: all subtle connections inside the signal will be lost irretrievably.
Forget about recording from a microphone, it will be the fatal end of your record, don’t even not think to publish
it, only a linear output, or in extreme case, an output on ear-phones.

2. Never write the record in the compressed format at once. The record if it is really interesting to you, and in
some sense is precious, should be written in the pure form, without a compression – in the old kind WAV format.
underline, not some sort of WAV format(for example ADPCM and many others), but namely the pure PCM WAV standard. The original record should have the highest quality, then, if possible, it can be compressed, but if to compress it at once - an initial clear picture of the signal will be lost and not available for restoring any more. This is very bad because, there are lost of situations, when not compressed signal can be demanded easily.

3. It is necessary to approach with all gravity and seriousness to the record’s sampling rate - for a large number of signals the sampling rate should be not below then 11025 Hz, that provides the upper boundary of a range on the level about 5.5 kHz. For the record of satellite signals it should not be lower then 22050 Hz.
Do not hope that it is enough 8kHz sampling rate for telephone channel, all this is true, but in terms of monitoring,
particularly on HF, the inaccuracy of the settings and features of the modulation can easily deflect the signal from
the telephone channel and the "unnecessary" half kilohertz is not only interference, but the guarantee of deflection.
Only after the record is done, it is possible to reduce the sampling rate, by results, if it is required. The records
of satellites are, generally, easily overlapping upper boundary for 6-8 kHz , thus, remember - the sampling rate for them should not be less than 22050 Hz!

4. Never make the record without preliminary check-up/setup(setting), of path(tract,route) of the record. There is nothing worse, than the rare record, which is made with an overload.
Such records do not cause anything but regrets, it is impossible to understand them, to result them into normal kind is also impossible, you can only throw them out into basket.
Pair of the minutes, which are have been saved by the lack of knowledge or by the laziness, will expressed in a waste of time and an absolutely useless resources.
The maximum signal’s level at the recording should not exceed half of the possible maximum, thus guaranteed the
existence of at least some reserve, in case of any surprises.
It is better to write with certainly reduced level, than with certainly high.
Weak level can be raised, while the overload in the record cannot be removed by any weakening , the signal’s
form/shape will be distorted to unrecognizability.

5. If you turn the receiver with purpose to write something "special", then immediately turn on the record. There are
a lot programs, which are writing the record into long file, personally I use RecAll, it writes, while I’m busy withmonitoring. The point is that the rare and interesting moments are always occur unexpectedly, and they are very short, the vanity, which is arising from convulsive attempts to launch /run/start recording program, leads to the fact, that neither the record nor the signal is there in the end. When the record goes permanently, the risk to skip something interesting is about zero, it is necessary only to be provided with reasonable time of the record into "a ring" file, for me this reasonable time is about an hour.

6. Do not do anything with the record, do not improve it and do not try to make it look better, leave it fully "as it
is". You can easily corrupt it, and what you seem as " unnecessary" can play the very important role in the analysis.

7. Okey, so the record is have written, and everything seems good to you, you want to public this record for an
identification or for other purposes – please be careful, do not create illusions, view the record by any editor or a
software, and check what is exactly you got in that record.At least estimate the form of the signal: there should not be any restrictions by the amplitude or any unexplained strangenesses. If you do not understand what is happened within your record, then others, most probably, won’t want to understand it especially.

And in conclusion: To make a good record - it is same work and skill as all other professional skills, nothing can
be well-done by itself. Train, try, play in quiet conditions. Look what is overload on practice, check what reasons
cause overload, try to remove it, learn how to define it.
It is not enough just to have a knowledge, it is necessary to know how to apply this knowledge, the only one method to know it – is the practice and experience.

Author SergUA6

вторник, 5 мая 2009 г.

XSL - Japanise Slotmachine itself

XSL - Japanise Slotmachine
Japanise Navy? PSK-4, Br-1500

the signal

the synthesis-model of the signal


Author:
SergUA6 6.0

(Band Width) ~2000-2050 Hz
(Low Range) ~400 Hz, shift is possible. recieving in SSB
(Baud Rate) 1500 Hz
n-Ary (PSK/MPSK) 4
(Carrier frequency) ~1512 in this record. shift is possible. recieving in SSB
(ACF) ~94-100 ms
(RX mode) SSB
Sonograms(pictures 1,2,3)

pic.1 The general look of the signal
pic.2 manipulation speed
pic.3 4th harmonic of the signal
pic.4 Diagrams (phase constellation of the signal)

XSL Japanise Slotmachine - is the popular enought signal, and at the same time, it is very difficult for the analysis. Complexities are connected with the quality of records first of all. From all variety of the found files, only that record has allowed to analyze the signal well. The signal is very bright as we can hear, and as we also can see on the spectrum. These two factors, together with ACF, allow to identify the signal very reliably.

понедельник, 4 мая 2009 г.

The example of the analyzed signal

The ACARS VHF signal
AirSystem

the signal is here
http://signals.radioscanner.ru/base/files/signal24/f1.wav


Author - SergUA6

Band Width - 2400-2700 Hz

Low Range - 300-400 Hz

Baud Rate - 2400 Hz

Count of Carriers – There are two practically not distinguishable frequencies of manipulation,
with strongly fixed values of 1200 and 2400 hertz, hard fixing is provided by a transmission mode with AM(amplitude modulator).

Step between carriers - 1200 Hz

RX mode – AM


Sonogram pic.1


Diagram pic.2

Diagram pic.3
ACARS VHF - it is one more system that is used in aircraft, in difference from HFDL, it is used only on VHW and only in AM mode, range of operation is limited by a working range of used frequencies and does not exceed 400-500km. Modulation of radiation is АМ, the signal represents GFSK manipulation with carriers 1200 and 2400 hertz and with speed of manipulation of 2400 hertz. There shouldn’t be difficulties with identification of this signal. At first there are no any signals in AM mode in aviation range with such characteristics, secondly the signal has features, which are very well visible after demodulation(check graphics), thirdly the signal has standard frequencies, which are must be known, because, by virtue of the very short time of transmission, to meet these signals accidentally is very hard.

This signal is analyzed and ready for decoding.